Contents

Contents

Chapter One 1

Turtles All The Way Down 1

Giordano Bruno and Galileo Galilei 1

The Opinions of the Men of Religion Regarding the Theory

of Evolution 5

The Religion of Church Christianity and Evolution! 6

The Wahhabi Salafi Religion and Evolution 9

Certain Sunni Scholars and the Theory of Evolution 12

Some Shia Scholars and the Theory of Evolution 17

Sheikh Jafar Sobhani 18

Sayyid Ali Sistani 19

Sayyid Muhammad Shirazi and his “Dialogue” with Darwin 30

Is Creationism (Single or Multiple Bursts) Acceptable, Based

on the Scientific Method? 42

Chapter Two 47

Accepting Evolution is Unavoidable 47

The Theory of Evolution (Abiogenesis and Development) 47

First: The Theory of Abiogenesis (The First Seed) 47

Discussing the Hypotheses of Abiogenesis 48

Second: The Theory of Development and Evolution 57

Evidence of Evolution 60

The Combination of Variation, Natural Selection, and

Heredity Unquestionably Results in Evolution 60

Comparative Anatomy 63

Fossils 67

Evolution is Obvious in the Lineage of Living Organisms, at the Level of Body Parts or Even at the Level of Instincts . 68

Applying the General Principle of Cosmic “Evolution” to

Life on Earth: 70

Degeneration (Atrophy and Loss of Organs) 72

Isolated Ecosystems and the Existence of Different Biological

Systems Within Them 73

The Presence of Abnormal Traits in Certain Organisms 73

Domestication and breeding 74

Genetic Evidence 74

The Fusion of Chromosome 2 in Humans 75

Retroviruses common to Humans and the rest of the Primates 76

Summary 79

Some of the Arguments Used Against the Theory of 81 Evolution and Development

The Argument of Probability Used Against the Theory of Evolution 81

The Argument Regarding Complex, Compound Organs

such as the Eye and the Sonar System of the Bat 86

The Argument that the Small Part Needed for Evolution to Begin Doesn’t Have Any Real Benefit in Order for the Evolutionary Process of Natural Selection to Produce Variation 87

Chapter Three 89

Evolution is a Divine Path 89

The Fossil History of Humans: 89

The Time of the Adam of Religion and the Scientific Time of

Human Fossils on Earth 96

The Theory of Evolution and the Quran 103

The Theory of Evolution, the Islamic Accounts, and the Vicegerency of Adam Over the Anthropoids in his Time 106

Was the Human Being Originally An Ape?! 110

Man Was Created in the Best Form, and it’s Possible,

According to the Religious Scripture, for Him to Return to

the Lowest of the Low, A Despised Ape!! 111

The Truth About the Creation of Adam 115

The Beginning of God’s Creation of the Human 115

The Meaning of Raising the Dust of the Earth to the First Heaven 121

The Lowering of Adam to Earth 123

The Earthly Adam, the Covenant, the Test, and Faith: 126

The Established Religious Scripture Does Not Oppose the

Theory of Evolution 129

Religious Texts That Cause Some to Imagine That They

Conflict With Evolution 133

The Example of Jesus 133

The Society of Adam 135

How Were the Livestock Lowered?! 137

Research on the Relationship Between Incest and Evolution . 139

The Jews and Christians 140

Claims made by Sunni Clerics 141

Statements of Some Shia Clerics 144

The Incest Argument and Agreement between Religion

and Evolution 149

Does Anyone Do Justice to the Progeny of Muhammad pbut? 155

The Claim that Eve was Created from the Rib of Adam-

Scientifically Confronted 157

Human Nature and Incest 158

Research on the Pregnancy of Mary pbuh with a Male

(Jesus pbuh) 159

Chapter Four 163

The Theory of Evolution and Rational Evidence for the

Existence of the Lord or God 163

The Theory of Evolution and the Fallacies of Dividing it up

and Denying the Existence of God 163

Settling the Debate: “Evolution Is Purposeful” 166

The Intelligence Machine 167

The Rational Evidence provided by the Quran to Prove the

Existence of God 169

The First Proof of the Existence of an Absolute God: “The Attributes of an Effect Indicate the Attributes of its Cause” . 169

“The Attributes of an Effect Indicate the Attributes of its

Cause” in the Universe We Live in 170

The Attributes of an Effect Indicate the Attributes of its

Cause in Life on Earth 172

1. The Genetic Plan 172

Is Genetic Mutation One Hundred Percent Random? 175

2. The Law of Development through Natural Selection 177

3. The Final Target or the Purpose of Evolution 187

Evolution is Purposeful by Studying its Products and the

Law-Abiding Nature of the Genetic Plan: 188

Producing the Ideal Survival Machine: The Intelligence Machine 188

Evolution and the Stable Family: 192

The Genetic Plan and its Law-abiding Function 196

Inactive genes 204

The Results of Evolution and its Purpose 205

Independent Evolutionary Pathways Reaching the Same Result 213

Specific Trends of Evolution and its Purpose 215

The Inconsistent Speed of Evolution and the Genetic Law .

217

The Law of the Genetic Language 222

The Law-Abiding Nature of Balance in Selection 223

How Do We See God Within His Creation? 225

The Intelligent Design Theory 226

Chapter Five 231

The Attributes of an Effect Indicate the Attributes of its Cause

in Humans 231

The Superior Intelligence Machine: The Human Brain 231

Thought 236

Two Comments: 241

Animal Rights: 241

Ali, Fatimah and Their Young Upset the Design of the Selfish Gene, so is there Anyone to Contemplate? 242

What Altruism are we Talking About?! 244

The Culture of the Homo sapiens 249

The Theories or Theses Made to Explain the Cultural Leap

of Humans 251

The Theory of Biological Evolution Itself Attempts to

Explain this Issue 251

The Meme Theory 252

Dawkins’ Attempt to Explain Morality 259

Reputation: 260

Demonstrating Power, Boldness and Superiority: 260

Dawkins’ Summary of the Four Reasons for Altruism . 261

Dawkins’ Attempt to Explain Ethics and Genuine

Altruism Continues 262

Discussion of Dawkins’ Arguments 263

The Victims of the Cuckoo 263

Child Adoption 265

Altruism of Relatives 266

Reciprocal Altruism 266

Conclusion: Gene Selfishness Precludes Genuine Altruism . 271

The Ancient Astronaut Theory 272

The Prevalent Religious Thesis 273

Another Religious Thesis 275

The Truth that is in this Book 285

Human Culture 289

Literature in Sumer and Akkad 291

Indicators of a Leap in Consciousness and Intellect 291

The Origin of the Sumerians 293

The Civilization and Culture of Sumerians or Akkadians . 302

Moral Standards such as Justice 302

Organized Social Behavior: 303

Literature 304

Scientific and Industrial Achievements 306

Religiousness and Concern with the Unseen World 308

Selected Berths at the Harbors of Sumer and Akkad 310

The Epics of Sumer, Akkad and Divine Religion: 311

The Religion of Sumer and Akkad and the Three 315 Religions: Islam, Christianity and Judaism

Was the Story of Job, the Prophet of God, Narrated by

the Sumerians Before it occurred?! 317

Sumer and Akkad Cried over Dumuzi, and Now they cry

over Al-Hussain pbuh? 319

The Sumerians’ Lamentation of Tammuz or Dumuzi: 325

Gilgamesh, the Son of Ninsun the Crying Mother over

Dumuzi 329

Gilgamesh, a Religious Character 335

Gilgamesh and Joseph pbuh 338

Those Who Fall or Stumble on the Journey of Immortality 340

The Journey of Gilgamesh to his Grandfather Noah pbuh . 342

The Sumerians and the Supremacy of God 346

Research in the Flood of Noah 350

Scientific Arguments Against the Traditional Religious

Story of the Flood 351

Summary of Atheist Arguments Against the Traditional

Religious Story of the Flood of Noah 351

The Story of the Flood from the Sumerians and 352 Babylonian, or the-Mesopotamian Nations

The Story of Noah in the Epic of Gilgamesh 358

The Babylonian Text of Atrahasis on the Sumerian Story

of the Flood 369

The story of the Flood in the Torah: 372

The Reason for the Flood of Noah in the Torah is

Religious: Divine Wrath 376

The Story of the Flood in the Quran 379

The Story of the Flood of Noah in the Religious Accounts 380

The Location of the Flood of Noah 381

The Time Period of the Flood of Noah 383

The Location where Noah’s pbuh Ark Anchored 384 (Dilmun-Mount Ararat -Mount Judi):

Chapter Six 387

Nothingness does not produce 387

The Second Proof of the Existence of an Absolute God:

Nothingness Does not Produce 387

Explaining the Existence of the Universe 388

The Big Bang Theory: 389

Quantum Theory-Quantum Mechanics 390

Between the Determinism of Newton and the Probability

and Uncertainty of Quantum Mechanics: 402

Special Theory of Relativity: 404

Quantum Entanglement and Multiple Universes: 407

On Quantum Entanglement and What is Required From It: . 409

Schrödinger’s cat and the Observer’s Effect on the System 414

Do We Observe Things or do We Create Them through Observation?! 416

Quantum Mechanics and Causality 418

The General Theory of Relativity: 421

Singularity: 423

Escape Velocity 425

Event Horizon 425

Black Hole Radiation 425

The Friedmann Models 428

The Universe Has a Beginning: 430

The Doppler Effect and the Expanding Universe: 431

Hydrogen Indicates that the Universe Has a Beginning 433

Cosmic Background Radiation: 434

Back to the Beginning of the Universe 439

Shortly After the Beginning 446

Antimatter: 451

Dark Matter 453

Dark Energy: 456

Multiple Universes: 464

Quantum Theory and A Universe from Nothing 467

The Singularity of the Big Bang 469

Hawking and the Singularity of the Big Bang 471

Hawking Does Without Singularity and the Lord 472

String Theory 479

Multiple Universes and A Universe from Nothing 484

A Universe with a Total Energy of Zero 485

The Sum of the Energy in the Universe and a Universe from Nothing 487

Where Are We?! 489

Dreams (Visions) 491

Selected Warning Notes 493

Appendix 1: Glossary 502

Appendix 2 504

Hadi Al-Madrasi: 504

Yassir Habib 510

Kamal Al-Haydari 518

Bibliography 522

Illustrations 529