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Prayer

From WikiSavior, a source-grounded reference

Prayer times, conditions, recitation, congregational prayer, travel, and related questions.

Source records: 237

Question 2 · prayer

Limiting Nafilah Prayers to Two Rak'ahs

May a person limit the Dhuhr or Asr nafilah, or other voluntary prayers, to only two rak'ahs? And for the night prayer, is it valid to perform only al-Shaf' and al-Witr?

Question 4 · prayer

Prayer Performed Before Its Time Began

If a person prays upon hearing the adhan and later discovers that the time for the obligatory prayer had not yet begun, what is the ruling on the prayer?

Question 5 · prayer

Remembering a Missed Fajr After Dhuhr

After completing the Dhuhr prayer, a person remembers that he did not perform the Fajr prayer earlier that day and can no longer change his intention. What should he do?

Question 7 · prayer

Order of Methods for Determining Fajr Time

When there is more than one method for determining a prayer time, as with identifying the time of Fajr, may a person choose whichever method he wishes?

Question 11 · prayer

Why the Polar Prayer-Time Answer Mentions One Hour and Ten Hours

In the previous answer, under the assumption that the night—or the sun's absence—lasts one and a half hours or less, it stated that the time for imsak extends until just before sunrise, even by a moment, whether the sun is absent for one hour or ten hours. Why were both one hour and ten hours mentioned?

Question 13 · prayer

Catching Four Rak'ahs Before Fajr for Maghrib and Isha

The Laws of Islam states that if a person has enough time before sunset for purification and five rak'ahs, both Dhuhr and Asr become obligatory. If a person is in a constrained situation and, before Fajr, has enough time for purification and only some rak'ahs, must he perform both Maghrib and Isha?

Question 14 · prayer

What Does Completing the Night Prayer in a Lightened Manner Mean?

Regarding the night prayer, The Laws of Islam states that if Fajr begins before it has been completed, then if four rak'ahs have already been started, the person completes it in a lightened manner even if dawn rises. What does 'in a lightened manner' mean?

Question 15 · prayer

Fajr Nafilah After the Eastern Redness Appears

The Laws of Islam states that the time for the two rak'ahs of the Fajr nafilah extends until the eastern redness appears, after which the obligatory prayer takes priority. If the eastern redness has appeared, is the Fajr nafilah performed as ada or qada?

Question 16 · prayer

Asr Nafilah After Its Preferred Time Has Passed

If an hour and a half has passed in winter after performing Dhuhr, may I perform the Asr nafilah before the Asr prayer? What intention should I make—ada or something else?

Question 25 · prayer

Prayer While Wearing Certain Leather Watches or Belts

If a leather item worn during prayer is something in which prayer cannot be performed by itself—such as a watch, belt, or similar item—and it is made from the hide of a dead animal or an animal whose meat may not be eaten, is it permissible to pray while wearing it?

Question 34 · prayer

Which Part of a Shoe Sole Prevents Prayer?

For a shoe or sandal with a sole, is the obstacle to praying in it the part of the sole that prevents the big toe from reaching the ground, or the sole beneath the foot generally?

Question 38 · prayer

Prayer While Leaving a Usurped Place When Time Is Short

Regarding prayer in a usurped place: if the prayer time is so short that the person prays while in the process of leaving, does this mean praying while walking, and what should he do about facing the qibla and prostration?

Question 49 · prayer

Placing a Turbah on Foam During Prostration

Must the place of prostration be stable? For example, some people place the turbah on a foam cushion or similar material. Is prostration valid in that situation?

Question 50 · prayer

How Large Must the Surface Used for Prostration Be?

Is there a required size for the material used for prostration, such as a turbah or paper, or is prostration valid even if it is very small? What standard determines whether it is sufficient?

Question 52 · prayer

What Area Counts as the Turbah of Imam al-Husayn?

Does the turbah of Imam al-Husayn refer to any soil, or specifically to soil from the grave and the ha'ir? This concerns the permissibility of praying on it, especially when some people make prayer turbahs from soil said to be taken from riverbanks. What is the ruling?

Question 59 · prayer

May Someone Other Than the Imam Recite the Iqamah?

In congregational prayer, another person's adhan is sufficient even if that caller was praying individually. If someone other than the imam recites the iqamah, may the imam rely on it and begin with takbirat al-ihram?

Question 61 · prayer

Ritual Purity for Adhan and Iqamah

Is there any difference, with respect to the requirement of ritual purity for the adhan and iqamah, between reciting them for oneself and reciting them for someone else?

Question 64 · prayer

Doubt About a Part of the Adhan or Iqamah

What should someone do if he doubts a part of the adhan while he is still reciting it, and what if he has already passed or completed it? The same question applies to the iqamah.

Question 66 · prayer

Using the Noon Adhan for the Afternoon Prayer

If I prayed the noon prayer with an adhan and iqamah, then remained after it performing voluntary prayers, supplications, and remembrance of God until the afternoon prayer, is the noon adhan sufficient or should I recite another adhan for the afternoon prayer?

Question 67 · prayer

Repeating Adhan and Iqamah After Leaving for Wudu

A believer recited the adhan and iqamah and began the prayer, but during the prayer something occurred that invalidated it. After performing wudu, must he repeat the adhan and iqamah because he left the place to go for wudu?

Question 73 · prayer

Opening Takbir When a Person Cannot Stand

If a person cannot say the opening takbir while standing, is there a priority order for another posture, such as sitting and then lying on the right side if sitting is not possible?

Question 75 · prayer

Quiet Takbir and Raising the Hands in Prayer

Is the takbir valid if it is recited quietly so that the person does not even hear himself? And is it valid to recite the takbir without raising the hands at all?

Question 81 · prayer

Correcting a Recitation Error During Prayer

If a worshipper makes a mistake in recitation, does he repeat only the mistaken part, must he repeat the phrase so that the meaning is not disrupted, or must he repeat the entire verse?

Question 84 · prayer

Switching to Another Surah After Beginning Recitation

Is it permissible to choose to switch from one surah to another after beginning it? What is the ruling for someone who recites part of a surah, then cannot remember the rest and switches to another?

Question 85 · prayer

Madd and Tajwid Rules in Prayer Recitation

Is madd (lengthening) obligatory in prayer? What is the ruling on the rules of tajwid, such as ghunnah, ikhfa', izhar, and others, and on the articulation points of letters as specified by the scholars of tajwid?

Question 87 · prayer

Reciting Nun as Mim During Prayer

Is it valid in prayer to recite the letter nun as mim in the Qur'an, for example reading "anba'" (أنباء) as "amba'" (أمباء)?

Question 88 · prayer

Designating the Basmala for the Surah to Be Recited

If someone usually recites Surat al-Tawhid after al-Hamd, and on an occasion recites it without designating the basmala for it due to forgetfulness or inattention, then notices midway through it, must he repeat it or not?

Question 92 · prayer

Choosing the Surah Before Reciting the Basmalah

Must the basmalah be intended for the specific surah that will be recited after al-Fatihah, or may a person say the basmalah without having decided on the surah and then choose which surah to recite?

Question 93 · prayer

When the Takbir for Bowing or Prostration May Be Said

The takbir for bowing is obligatory. May it be said quietly? May it be said while moving down into bowing, or while already in bowing before the dhikr? What if the person forgets it and remembers while in bowing? Does the same ruling apply to the takbir for prostration?

Question 97 · prayer

Meaning of Gesture in the Rulings of Prayer

The term 'gesture' is frequently mentioned in discussions of prayer. Is the intended meaning its ordinary linguistic meaning—gesturing with a body part such as the head, hand, eye, or eyebrow—or is there a special method when a person is compelled to use gestures in prayer, such as a naked person, someone stuck in mud, a person lying on the side or back, or someone unable to bend for bowing and prostration?

Question 100 · prayer

One-Brick Height Difference in Prostration in Centimeters

Among the requirements of prostration is that the place of the forehead be level with the place where the person stands, except for a slight difference equal to one brick. If this height is stated in centimeters, how much is it?

Question 102 · prayer

Turning While Saying the Salams Before Taslim

Does it harm the taslim if the worshipper says, 'Peace be upon you, O Prophet ... Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of God ...' sometimes while turned and sometimes without turning?

Question 104 · prayer

How Long the Time for Friday Prayer Extends

The time for Friday prayer extends for as long as the time for the noon prayer. Does this mean that its time extends until before sunset by the amount of time needed to perform the afternoon prayer?

Question 106 · prayer

When the Required Number for Friday Prayer Gathers Late

Sometimes the required number for Friday prayer is not present at noon, at the beginning of its time, but becomes available two hours later, after the people have already prayed the noon prayer. Must they repeat the prayer as Friday prayer once the required number gathers? What if they have not yet prayed the noon prayer?

Question 107 · prayer

Waiting for the Required Number for Friday Prayer

When the required number for Friday prayer is not yet present, is it better to wait for a while in the hope that the number will be completed and then pray Friday prayer, or to perform the noon prayer at the beginning of its time?

Question 111 · prayer

Friday Prayer When No Appointed Imam Is Present

It is stated that Friday prayer is recommended when neither the Imam nor a person appointed by him to lead the prayer is present. Does this mean that the Imam and his appointee exist elsewhere but do not attend this particular prayer, or does it mean something else? And what if Friday prayer is established without their attendance but under the Imam's direction and guidance?

Question 112 · prayer

Replacing a Friday Prayer Imam Who Dies During the Prayer

It is stated concerning Friday prayer that if the imam dies during the prayer, the Friday prayer is not invalidated and the congregation may put forward someone to complete the prayer with them. Does the person put forward complete the prayer from where it reached, or restart it from the beginning? And how do the worshippers put that person forward while they are themselves in prayer?

Question 113 · prayer

Sign-Language Translation of the Friday Sermon

How do deaf and mute people perform the blessed Friday prayer when they cannot understand or hear the sermon? Do they need someone to convey the sermon to them through understandable signs, or is attendance alone sufficient?

Question 116 · prayer

Friday Prayer Led by a Traveling Imam

If the imam of Friday prayer is a traveler, is the Friday prayer valid for the imam and for followers who are praying either full or shortened prayers?

Question 117 · prayer

Accidentally Bowing Again After the Second Qunut in Friday Prayer

In Friday prayer, after the imam performs the second qunut following bowing, what is the ruling if the imam bows again instead of descending into prostration? If the imam's prayer is invalid, what is the ruling on the followers' prayers?

Question 120 · prayer

Qada of Salat al-Ayat After Forgetting a Predicted Partial Eclipse

If a person learns through scientific authorities that an eclipse will occur the next day, but then forgets about it until the partial eclipse has ended and only afterward remembers, does the person's prior knowledge make it obligatory to perform the prayer as qada?

Question 121 · prayer

Dividing a Surah Among the Bowings of Salat al-Ayat

In Salat al-Ayat, it is stated that after al-Fatihah a surah is recited, and if it is not completed the recitation resumes from where it stopped. Must a person choose a surah containing exactly five verses? How are the verses distributed over five bowings if the surah has fewer or more than five verses?

Question 122 · prayer

Recitation After Completing a Surah in the Second Bowing of Salat al-Ayat

If a person in Salat al-Ayat recites al-Fatihah and one or more verses of a surah and bows, then completes that surah and bows again, after rising from the second bowing must the person recite al-Fatihah and a surah, or may the person recite a surah or some verses of a surah and bow?

Question 123 · prayer

Complete or Partial Surah Before the Second Bowing of Salat al-Ayat

If a person recites al-Fatihah and a complete surah and then bows in Salat al-Ayat, must the person also recite al-Fatihah and a complete surah before the second bowing, or is it sufficient to recite al-Fatihah and one verse and complete the remaining verses of that surah over the later bowings?

Question 124 · prayer

Combining the Two Methods of Salat al-Ayat in One Rak'ah

From the wording of al-Shara'i, it appears that there are two methods of performing Salat al-Ayat. May the two methods be combined within a single rak'ah, or must a person who starts with one method continue in the same manner?

Question 130 · prayer

When Only the Imam or Follower Forgets in Prayer

Regarding the imam and follower in the prostrations of forgetfulness, it is stated: 'If one of them alone is affected, that one has the ruling of oneself.' What is meant by this?

Question 131 · prayer

Supererogatory Prayer While Owing a Missed Obligatory Prayer

May a person who owes a missed obligatory prayer perform a recommended supererogatory prayer? And if the person enters a supererogatory prayer and remembers during it that an obligatory prayer is owed, which supererogatory prayer is meant by the instruction to begin the obligatory prayer?

Question 132 · prayer

Making Up Missed Travel Prayers as Shortened or Full

If a person was traveling, so the prayer was shortened, and missed the noon and afternoon prayers during the journey, then arrived home at sunset, are those prayers made up shortened or full?

Question 133 · prayer

Making Up Old Fasts and Prayers During Illness

A person owes many days of fasting and prayers from a time when the person was healthy, but is now unwell and taking medication. What is the ruling on making them up or on expiation?

Question 134 · prayer

Prayer Obligation When Illness Causes Loss of Awareness

If illness sometimes deprives a person of clear thought and causes confusion about prayer times and rulings, does prayer remain obligatory? If the person recovers, must the person make it up, or if the person dies in that condition must the eldest son make it up?

Question 140 · prayer

Meaning of Mutanaffil in the Rules of Congregational Prayer

Al-Shara'i states that congregational prayer is not valid for supererogatory prayers except the prayer for rain and the two Eid prayers when the conditions of obligation are not met. What, then, is meant by the statement elsewhere that a person performing a 'supererogatory' prayer may follow one performing an obligatory prayer, and that a person performing an obligatory prayer may in some cases follow one performing a 'supererogatory' prayer?

Question 148 · prayer

Joining the Imam Before Bowing in the Third Rak'ah

If a person joins the congregational prayer before the imam bows in the third rak'ah, must the person wait until the imam bows before joining, or may the person say the opening takbir even when knowing there is not enough time to recite al-Fatihah and a surah?

Question 150 · prayer

How a Follower Sits While Waiting for the Imam's Tashahhud

Is there a particular sitting posture for a follower who must wait—for example, when the imam is reciting the middle tashahhud while it is the follower's first rak'ah, or when the imam is in the final tashahhud while the follower intends to stand and complete the prayer?

Question 152 · prayer

Barriers Between a Woman and the Imam in Congregational Prayer

It is stated that congregational prayer is not valid when there is a barrier between the imam and follower that prevents seeing the imam, except when the follower is a woman. Does the ruling differ according to the kind of barrier through which a woman may follow—for example, a solid wall, a wall with a window or open door, a curtain, and so on?

Question 153 · prayer

Appointing a Substitute Imam During Congregational Prayer

If the imam of congregational prayer wants to appoint a substitute while still in the prayer, how is the substitute appointed? Does the substitute continue the prayer from the point the imam reached, or begin the prayer again from the start?

Question 155 · prayer

The Two Testimonies the Imam Should Make Audible

It is stated that it is recommended for the imam to make the two testimonies audible to those behind the imam. Does this mean the two tashahhuds, or the two testimonies within the tashahhud?

Question 156 · prayer

Using Mosque Equipment in Another Place

It is permissible to use equipment belonging to a mosque elsewhere. Does 'elsewhere' mean other mosques, or any other place generally?

Question 167 · prayer

Frequent Travel with Short or Uncertain Work Contracts

If a person works every other day or every other week and travels more often than remaining at home, but the work is unstable—perhaps lasting a week, a month, or two months, with no known duration and in any case less than six months, through month-to-month contracts, daily work, or no contract—what is the ruling?

Question 168 · prayer

Frequent-Traveler Status After Temporarily Stopping Work Travel

After people have reached the state in which they perform full prayers while traveling, having spent six months or more in work or travel that exceeds their time at home, what is their ruling if they leave that work or travel but have not permanently turned away from that way of life—for example, because they are looking for another job or because of a temporary circumstance? If they travel for a day or two, do they remain under the previous ruling or shorten their prayers?

Question 169 · prayer

Stopping Frequent Travel for More Than Six Months

If, from the first day a person stops traveling, the person knows that travel will be discontinued for more than six months, though not permanently, what is the person's ruling?

Question 17 · prayer

Neglecting Obligatory Worship and Prayer

What is the ruling on a person who neglects acts of worship, especially the obligatory prayers? What advice does the Promised Yamani give the believers regarding acts of worship, particularly the obligatory ones, and is there a remedy for this habit that many people have become accustomed to?

Question 18 · prayer

Prayer on Time Versus Urgent Childcare

A mother's duties, such as calming, nursing and protecting her child, often conflict with preserving prayer at the beginning of its time. Sometimes, when time is tight, a woman must choose between meeting her child's urgent needs and performing an obligatory prayer within its time. What should she do, and which should she give priority to?

Question 20 · prayer

Determining Fajr in Scandinavia in Summer and Winter

There is a question concerning a country in which some believing brothers live, and it has two parts. First: some believers pray, and I pray with them, and they begin fasting, and I begin with them, one and a half hours before sunrise because true dawn disappears in Scandinavian countries during part of the summer. But some of them continue applying this rule in winter as well, so they do not pray or begin fasting until one and a half hours before sunrise, even though dawn is very clear here in winter unlike in summer. Is what they do correct? Second: when I observe the horizon in Sweden I find major differences between summer and winter, and the degree of difference varies from one city to another according to location. During winter, may we rely for determining dawn on information from amateur astronomers or Islamic centers, such as the Imam Ali Center, or must we observe the horizon ourselves?

Question 21 · prayer

Fourth Testimony in the Adhan

In the adhan, is it sufficient to say, ‘I bear witness that Ali and his infallible descendants...’ instead of the fourth testimony?

Question 22 · prayer

Blood on the Turbah During Prostration

I was praying and, while prostrating, found blood on the turbah from my forehead. I completed the first obligatory prayer and did not stop it. Then I washed my forehead, performed wudu and returned to perform the second obligatory prayer. Did the blood invalidate the prayer so that I must repeat it?

Question 25 · prayer

Prostrating Before the Imam in Congregational Prayer

What is the ruling on a person praying in congregation who went down and performed the first prostration before the imam, raised his head from that prostration while waiting for the imam, and then joined the imam in the second prostration?

Question 26 · prayer

Extra Tashahhud in Past Prayers

Before I entered the call of truth, I used to recite tashahhud after every two rak'ahs in addition to the final tashahhud and salam. Thus I would recite two tashahhuds in the dawn prayer, three in the sunset prayer, and four in four-rak'ah prayers. Must I repeat my previous prayers, and what is their legal status?

Question 29 · prayer

Frequent-Traveler Status for Shift Workers

In my official job I used to travel frequently, covering the legal travel distance more than four days each week. My schedule later changed to shifts. Under my employer's official schedule I still cover the legal distance more than four days a week, but my work includes many days off, so I treated myself as a frequent traveler. What is the ruling on the days when I acted on the assumption that I was a frequent traveler, and what is the ruling on fasting in Ramadan while working?

Question 30 · prayer

Praying in a Mosque Beside a Cemetery

What is the ruling on praying in a mosque that has a cemetery in front of it or beside it, whether or not there is a barrier between the mosque and the cemetery?

Question 31 · prayer

Praying in a Bathroom When No Other Place Is Available

A bathroom is among the places where prayer is disliked. If prayer time begins and there is nowhere else to pray, is it better to pray at the beginning of the time in the bathroom despite the dislike, or to wait until a more suitable place becomes available even though the preferred early time will pass?

Question 36 · prayer

Friday Prayer for Employees Who Cannot Leave Work

After Friday-prayer imams were appointed, attendance became obligatory. What is the duty of people whose government jobs or employment in shops does not allow them to leave work?

Question 37 · prayer

Attendance at Recommended Congregational or Friday Prayer

If a recommended congregational prayer or recommended Friday prayer is held in one house while some legally responsible people are in another house or another street, must those people attend in this situation as well?

Question 38 · prayer

Missing Friday Prayer Because of Spiritual Treatment Work

God has blessed me with providing spiritual treatment. I am usually busy on Fridays because people from other provinces come specifically on that day, and I convey this blessed call to those who come for treatment. This prevents me from attending Friday prayer. Is that permissible?

Question 39 · prayer

Heart Illness as an Excuse from Friday Prayer

I suffer from a heart condition that limits my movement and exertion. May I perform the noon prayer on Friday instead, since attending the blessed Friday prayer causes me exhaustion? Is this a legally valid excuse that clears my obligation before God?

Question 40 · prayer

Friday Prayer When Distance and Water Barriers Prevent Attendance

There are rivers and lakes between me and the Friday prayer and no means of crossing is available. If I go by vehicle or on foot, I must travel more than 20 kilometers. Is Friday prayer obligatory upon me, or is the noon prayer sufficient in its place?

Question 41 · prayer

Multiple Earthquakes and Salat al-Ayat

Sometimes many earthquakes or tremors may occur on the same day or even in the same hour. Is one Signs Prayer sufficient for them, or is a separate prayer required for each earthquake?

Question 44 · prayer

Prayer with a Tattoo That Requires Surgery to Remove

I had a tattoo placed on my left arm ten years ago, extending from my shoulder down the arm. I am now 31 years old. What is the ruling on praying with this tattoo, given that removing it would require surgery? Is it necessary to remove it, or what should I do?

Question 45 · prayer

Prayer by Taqiyya While Living with Non-Muslim Family

Often we cannot perform the prayer in its complete normal form because we live among family members who are not Muslim. May we pray by way of taqiyya while seated, appearing as though we are meditating and without moving the body, or must we make the prayer up later when we are able to perform it correctly? What if this situation lasts for weeks?

Question 46 · prayer

Order of Making Up Prayers on Laylat al-Qadr

The believers in the Paltalk room said that when making up prayers on Laylat al-Qadr we begin with the noon prayer and finish with the dawn prayer. Is this correct?

Question 13 · prayer

Overcoming Lack of Humility and Doubt During Prayer

Sometimes I perform my prayer but feel as though it is merely a series of movements without humility. Reciting the surahs has begun to feel like simply pronouncing words without feeling or reflecting on them. Thoughts and tasks pull me away from humility, and I even often doubt the number of rak'ahs. Is there a way you can guide me to overcome this?

Question 14 · prayer

Intrusive Thoughts During Prayer and Quran Recitation

A sister suffers from bad thoughts during prayer and especially while reading the Quran, particularly Surah Ya-Sin. She says she has become afraid to read the Quran because thoughts contrary to the verse may come to her mind. Is there a way to get rid of this?

Question 16 · prayer

Imitating Prayer Movements Without Ritual Purity to Teach a Child

When I am not in a state of ritual purity, I stand and imitate the movements of prayer in front of my young daughter because she prays with me. I do not recite the words of the prayer; I only send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad throughout the movements. Is this permissible?

Question 17 · prayer

Reading the Quran from a Mushaf Versus Electronic Devices

Is there any difference in merit or recommendation between reading the Quran from a physical mushaf and reading it from electronic devices such as a phone, especially since these devices help organize daily reading and are readily available everywhere?

Question 18 · prayer

Determining Fajr Near the North Pole

I have a question about the legally prescribed times in regions near the North Pole. Previously I sent two questions about prayer and its rulings in areas near the North Pole, and you kindly answered us and the believing brothers living in countries surrounding the North Pole, relieving us of difficulties we had all suffered before entering the blessed call. In summer the dawn disappears here on different dates and at different times depending on how close each city is to the pole, so I will use Stockholm, Sweden, as an example. When dawn disappears in Stockholm, during Ramadan we used to begin abstaining one and a half hours before sunrise, and we also prayed Fajr during this period according to the ruling you gave concerning prayer in regions near the pole. However, dawn appears again when the sun descends only slightly—fractions of a degree—below 19 degrees, and soon afterward it is below 18 degrees and above 19 degrees. The period of darkness is initially very short, perhaps only one minute, and the dark minutes increase on the days following the first reappearance of true dawn. On 24 August each year dawn returns, occurring at 1:26 a.m., while sunrise on that date is at 5:25 a.m. These precise figures come from an online astronomical program that shows the sun's actual position below and above the horizon by time and degrees. The interval between the two appearances is about four hours, which is relatively long compared with the interval between dawn and sunrise in the Middle East, normally about one hour and fifteen minutes to one and a half hours. This interval then becomes shorter day by day, but not quickly. For example, on 9 September 2015, the day I wrote this message, dawn was at 3:09 a.m. and sunrise at 6:01 a.m., leaving an interval of two hours and fifty-two minutes, still long compared with the Middle East. My question, shared by a number of the believers, is this: Is the sun's merely descending below 19 degrees sufficient for dawn to be established even when the interval between dawn and sunrise is relatively long? May we perform Fajr at the beginning of that period and begin abstaining if we intend to fast that day? Is this long interval between dawn and sunrise legally valid even though it is much longer than, for example, the corresponding interval in the Middle East?

Question 19 · prayer

Eating After the True Fajr Due to a Mistaken Interpretation

After reading question 345 in Al-Jawab al-Munir, volume 4, some understood that the common dawn adhan is 90 minutes before sunrise and that this is the true dawn according to the Yamani of the family of Muhammad. What is the legal ruling for people who ate after that adhan believing true dawn to be 20 minutes later, then later discovered that they had actually been eating after true dawn because of an ignorant interpretation or belief?

Question 20 · prayer

Qibla Direction at the Shrines After Authorities Changed It

My master, the jurists of misguidance have changed the qibla for people and left us confused. When we went to the shrines of the pure Imams, we were surprised to find the qibla direction changed about 30 degrees to the right. When we asked, we were told that the old qibla had been incorrect and that the religious authorities had discovered the error. What should we do, and in which direction should we pray?

Question 22 · prayer

Using an Asthma Inhaler During Prayer

I have asthma. Sometimes during prayer I suffer a severe asthma attack that makes it very difficult to continue the prayer in the usual manner without considerable suffering. May I use an asthma inhaler during the prayer?

Question 25 · prayer

Making Up One Day’s Prayers for Several Deceased People

May I make up one day's prayers on behalf of several deceased people with a single intention—for example, performing the dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and night prayers as qada on behalf of my deceased parents and brothers?

Question 27 · prayer

Speaking During the Friday Sermons for Broadcast Operations

Some members of the staff of the Al-Munqidh al-Alami channel ask about speaking during the two Friday sermons. Sometimes directions from the control room or communication among camera operators cannot be conveyed by gestures, so they have to speak to one another. What is the ruling?

Question 28 · prayer

Counting Ten Days for Travel Prayer and Deliberate Travel to Shorten Prayer

A person will travel on Friday, September 18, 2015 at 8:00 p.m. and return at 6:50 p.m. on Sunday, September 27, 2015. Should he shorten his prayers? The calendar span is ten days, but the actual duration is eight days and 23 hours. Is the calculation based on hours, as with counting a woman's menstrual days, or on calendar days? Also, if someone deliberately travels a distance only in order to qualify for shortened prayer, perhaps adding another purpose to that intention, what is the ruling whether he acts deliberately or is ignorant of the original ruling?

Question 29 · prayer

Frequent-Traveler Rules During a One-Week Trip Abroad

I work in a place that requires me to cover the legal travel distance five days each week within the country, so I perform my prayers in full and fast. I am now on leave and want to travel abroad for a one-week stay. Does the ruling of a frequent traveler also apply to me during this journey abroad?

Question 30 · prayer

Town Boundaries for Travel Prayer with Scattered Outskirts

Regarding the boundary at which travel concessions begin, some towns have scattered houses, ice factories, warehouses or similar buildings extending a considerable distance along their outskirts. Are these structures considered part of the town?

Question 31 · prayer

Sharing the Reward of One’s Own Prayer with a Deceased Person

When I perform an obligatory prayer that I owe for myself, may I include a deceased person in its reward—for example, intending the noon prayer simultaneously for myself and my deceased father? Does the same apply to recommended prayers? If this is not permissible for obligatory prayers and I previously did it, must I repeat those prayers?

Question 4 · prayer

There Is a Problem Determining the Times of Dawn and Sunset, Especially for Those

There is a problem determining the times of dawn and sunset, especially for those living in northern European countries. I will summarize the problems we face in several points: 1. Observing dawn and sunset is difficult because of the weather conditions. 2. Even if dawn and sunset are observed on one day, it is difficult to rely on that observation for the next day because the time changes every day—for example, increasing or decreasing by three minutes depending on the season. 3. We used to rely on the times published on the website of the Ahl al-Bayt Assembly, which belongs to some Shi'a, but we found large discrepancies, especially when the clocks change between summer and winter time. Sometimes they change the noon time but do not change the sunset time, or the reverse, and there are other major differences, so I do not trust their times. 4. Since it is difficult for us to determine sunset and dawn, may we rely on the sunrise and sunset times published in ordinary newspapers, even though the newspapers are foreign and I do not know how they calculate them? If we rely on the published sunrise time, we can calculate ninety minutes before it, but what should we do about sunset? 5. The difference between winter and summer is very great. In summer the length of the day is almost twenty-two and a quarter hours. The problem arises in the blessed month of Ramadan, when the period between breaking the fast and beginning abstention is no more than two hours. Complete darkness does not occur, and sometimes the sky remains bright.

Question 5 · prayer

Modern Science Has Established the Existence of a Planet on Which One Day Is

Modern science has established the existence of a planet on which one day is equivalent to one thousand Earth years. If a legally responsible person were on this planet, where one day equals a thousand years, how would the person pray? Would prayer still be required, given that the period from dawn to noon would be more than about four hundred years and another three hundred years to sunset? Would the prayer be shortened or complete, and in what direction would the person face for the qiblah? Would the person fast, and how would the fast be performed, assuming the person does not know the time but knows that the month of fasting has begun?

Question 6 · prayer

I Do Not Know the Reason for Sitting Between the Adhan and Iqamah in the Obligatory

I do not know the reason for sitting between the adhan and iqamah in the obligatory prayers except the sunset prayer, nor the reason for taking one step forward and then returning backward during the adhan and iqamah of the sunset prayer. Should the step forward begin with the right foot or the left, and should the return backward be with the right foot or the left?

Question 10 · prayer

My Imam, I Come to You Seeking Guidance in My Confusion Concerning My Dear Father, Who

My Imam, I come to you seeking guidance in my confusion concerning my dear father, who suffers from kidney disease. The illness has exhausted him and weakened his ability to respond, and at times after kidney dialysis he becomes so severely fatigued that he cannot keep his balance. He is constantly worried about prayer, but sometimes he is unable to pray. My question, my master, is whether his daughters or son may pray on his behalf only at times when severe fatigue, exhaustion, and involuntary sleep overcome him. I also ask you to send me a supplication for my sick father's recovery.

Question 16 · prayer

Children Who Have Reached the Age of Religious Obligation Find It Difficult to Give

Children who have reached the age of religious obligation find it difficult to give the adhan and iqama for every prayer. It has become burdensome for them, and they repeat the adhan and iqama again and again. This occurs every day to the point that the children cry or become averse. What is the solution? Are the adhan and iqama required of them?

Question 17 · prayer

My Master and Guardian, Son of the Messenger of God, I—seeking Refuge in God from the

My master and guardian, son of the Messenger of God, I—seeking refuge in God from the ego—live in the Hijaz and have believed in your blessed call. Previously, when the time of an obligatory prayer came, especially dawn or sunset prayer, I would perform it at work because the time was tight and I could not delay it until returning home. I used to perform it in congregation with them by way of taqiyya, according to the rulings of the religious authorities. Now, after believing in your call and your right, may I pray with them individually while merely following their movements? May I perform it in their mosque when there is no alternative? And may I prostrate on the carpet if no alternative is available?

Question 26 · prayer

If the Blessed Eid Al-ghadir Falls on a Friday and the Person Performs the Eid Prayer

If the blessed Eid al-Ghadir falls on a Friday and the person performs the Eid prayer, does he then have a choice regarding attendance at the Friday prayer? In other words, does Eid al-Ghadir have the same ruling as Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr when they fall on Friday, as stated in The Laws of Islam: ‘If an Eid and Friday coincide, whoever attends the Eid has the choice whether to attend the Friday prayer, and the imam must inform them of this in his sermon’?

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