Appendices 1

How Could He Have a Son When He Does Not Have a Companion?

The Thirteenth Disciple · Imam Ahmed al-Hasan

Source ↗

He is God, the Exalted, the One, the Alone, and all other than Him are His creation. Almighty God responded in the Holy Quran to those who said that Almighty God has a son who became separate from God, or was born from God, or came from God, meaning that he is an absolute deity who came from an absolute deity; meaning that the reality of this human is absolute divinity, because he united with the absolute deity. Therefore, according to their thinking, the absolute deity descended among the humans and in the flesh, or among the humans within a human from them, and this human is the Son of God. And the truth is that even though this ideological belief adopted by the non-working clerics is false, Almighty God due to His mercy addressed them and spoke to them, even concerning the details about the opposition to this belief. So you find Him detailing and clarifying for them the flawed places in their ideology. The Almighty said, ﴾[He is] Originator of the heavens and the earth. How could He have a son when He does not have a companion and He created all things? And He is, of all things, Knowing.﴿ Quran Chapter “The Cattle” 6:101. ﴾How could He have a son when He does not have a companion﴿: And this complete refutation with which God spoke to them, they cannot refute it in any form or image; as it means: You say that there is a son of the Almighty, and this son is an absolute deity (meaning that he

is an absolute perfect and absolute rich one who needs no one besides himself), so if you say that he came from the Almighty alone, this means that the son is completely identical to the father, and regardless of the fact that the simple Absolute Truth can never be multiple, what meaning and wisdom is there from this being [the son], with no imaginable differentiation or difference or contrast?! So do you say that the Father is unwise such that He makes or begets a son of His whose being is of no benefit to Him, or to any other than Him?! And if you say there is a difference or a differentiation or a contrast, like the Christians say today that the hypostases are differentiated, this necessitates the existence of another divinity, ﴾ … a companion … ﴿, in order for the son to be coming from both of them, and thus he is not identical to either of them, because he came from both of them together. So do you speak of the existence of the other divinity, the companion, who preceded the Son??!!![1] So know that if you speak of the existence of the Son, you must speak of the existence of the other divinity (the companion) before him, otherwise how do you speak of the existence of the Son (the absolute deity who came from the Father) without the initial existence of the other absolute deity (the companion) with the Almighty? And the initial existence of the other absolute god (the companion) with the Almighty is impossible because the Absolute Deity is an absolute simple truth and it cannot be multiple, ﴾How could He have a son when He does not have a companion﴿. And the Almighty said, ﴾God has not taken any son, nor has there ever been with Him any deity. [If there had been], then each deity would have taken what it created, and some of them would have sought to overcome others. Exalted is God above what they describe [concerning Him].﴿ Quran Chapter “The Believers” 23:91. This means if you were to arrange what you imagined from the existence of the three hypostasis (or the three origins) in this image - thus

you speak of the existence of the Father (Almighty God), and the other absolute deity the companion (the Son), and from them came a third absolute deity (the third hypostasis) the Holy Spirit - the speech would be concerning the initial existence of the other absolute deity with Almighty God, so is there differentiation between them or not? Meaning are they both one? So whoever chooses to believe they are one is faced with the previous refutation, because the one coming from both of them is identical to each one of them. And whoever chooses to believe in differentiation between them will have the absolute divinity of the other one refuted due to his deficiency, because the differentiation is only in absolute perfection, ﴾ … and some of them would have sought to overcome others. Exalted is God above what they describe.﴿. And the non-working clerics, because they overturned their human nature and turned upside down, said that God has a son, exalted is He above what they describe, ﴾151 Unquestionably, it is out of their invented falsehood that they say, 152 “God has begotten,” and indeed, they are liars.﴿ Quran Chapter “Those Who set the Ranks” 37:151-152. So if they had returned to the nature of God and contemplated the signs of God, they would have saved themselves from this clear perishing and avoided to speak concerning that which they do not know. And the words of a person concerning that which he does not know are lies ﴾they are liars﴿. The Almighty said, ﴾4 And to warn those who say, “God has taken a son.” 5 They have no knowledge of it, nor had their fathers. Grave is the word that comes out of their mouths; they speak not except a lie.﴿. Quran Chapter “The Cave” 18:4-5. Moreover, Almighty God refuted for them the concept of multiplicity of the absolute deity from its foundation, regardless of the form of the belief: ﴾They have said, “God has taken a son.” Exalted is He; He is the [one] Free of need. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. You have no authority for this [claim]. Do you say about God that which you do not know?﴿ Quran Chapter “Jonah” 10:68. ﴾They have said, “God has taken a son.” Exalted is He; He is the [one] Free of need﴿: and the principle of this refutation for whoever spoke of multiplicity of the absolute deity, whether by prophecy or by another form imagined by whoever strayed from the straight path, is

that Almighty God deposited within the human nature that with which the human can distinguish wisdom from foolishness, ﴾And inspired it its wickedness and its righteousness,﴿ Quran Chapter “The Sun” 91:8. So whoever uses this scale will judge that speaking of the multiplicity of divinity with no differentiator is foolishness within which there is no wisdom. Therefore, nothing is left except speaking of the differentiation, and this is refuted by one word: {Exalted is He; He is the [one] Free of need.}. So differentiation in divinity is only in perfection, necessitating the deficiency and imperfection of the other; so the saying that other than Him is an absolute deity is refuted. As for the issue of the progression of the human being, God has created the human and bestowed within him the nature which qualifies him to progress so that he becomes the names of God and the image of God and the manifestation of God and God among the creation, but no matter how much he progresses, he will not be an absolute deity or an absolute rich one, he rather remains a creation and remains in need of Almighty God. ﴾Whose oil would almost glow even if untouched by fire. Light upon light. God guides to His light whom He wills.﴿ Quran Chapter “The Light” 24:35. Almost, and does not glow from itself such that it is an absolute deity. Therefore, everyone other than Him are His creation and in need of Him, ﴾It is not [befitting] for God to take a son; exalted is He! When He decrees an affair, He only says to it, “Be,” and it is.﴿ Quran Chapter “Mary” 19:35. And this preceding refutation, which came in the Holy Quran, is sufficient to whoever listens while having presence of mind. As for their speech that he is one and alone in addition to their speech of three differentiated and independent hypostases which according to their belief dispatch each other and their speech of the existence of a relationship between them like the relationship of sonship and fatherhood, etc, it is a speech that they know to be foolish;[2] otherwise, how can the oneness and the aloneness be reconciled with its multiplicity and division and the differentiation of its divisions, even if they do not name them divisions? And if we turned away from all the above, this statement is sufficient to clarify their falsehood, if they were to use their reason, and

it is: God is light within which there is no darkness and all the worlds of the creation are light mixed with darkness and they are existences that appeared by the manifestation of His light into the darkness; this is why it cannot be considered that God has settled in a creation or appeared in a creation by a complete appearance in the worlds of creation, like they claim for Jesus and the Holy Spirit, because the meaning of this is that they do not remain; rather, they disappear and nothing remains but light within which there is no darkness. For this reason, we said and repeated that Muhammad oscillates between divinity and the “I” and humanity, and I emphasized this so that no one would imagine that God, who is light within which there is no darkness, settles in the worlds of creation, God is greatly above that. And the matter is clear and evident, as the appearance of the light within which there is no darkness in the worlds of creation by a complete appearance means the disappearance of these worlds and their extinction, and no name remains for them nor a shape nor a meaning; rather, nothing remains except God the light within which there is no darkness, God is greatly above that.

Footnotes

  1. ↩And this is also a natural and intellectual matter, that the simple truth cannot have something different or distinct that separates from it. And it cannot contain divisions or parts or origins or hypostases, as they call them, that are differentiated because this means that it is a compound truth and not a simple one, and composition indicates deficiency and it nullifies the richness of the truth, and therefore, in order for a distinct thing to separate from the absolute simple truth, there must be another absolute simple truth, and this is impossible because the absolute simple truth is one and it cannot be multiple.
  2. ↩And for this reason you find them to always say that the Trinity is not rational and it is not realized by using reason, but it must be believed in.
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