Examples of Signs Used to Estimate the Qibla Direction - Jurisprudential Answers - Book of Prayer

Ahmed al-Hasan Response:

For example, if a person is in Turkey or Greece and knows that he is in a country north of Mecca, he can use that indication to determine that the qibla is approximately toward the south. Also, if he knows the longitude of Mecca and the longitude of the city in which he lives, he can determine whether Mecca lies to his southeast or southwest, and so on. He combines the indications through which he can estimate the direction of the qibla. If he does not know the four cardinal directions, he can rely on the North Star (Polaris), sunrise, and sunset.