Prayer Times at the Poles and During Continuous Day or Night — Jurisprudential Answers — Book of Prayer

Ahmed al-Hasan Response:

For prayer in the places described: If true and complete sunrise and sunset can be distinguished—that is, with darkness, light, and true dawn—then the person acts according to them as explained in The Laws of Islam. If sunrise and sunset can be distinguished but darkness and light (true dawn) before sunrise cannot, Maghrib is at sunset, and Fajr is from one and a half hours before sunrise until sunrise, provided the night, or the sun's absence, lasts more than one and a half hours. If the night, or the sun's absence, is one and a half hours or less, the time for Fajr extends from after sunset and after enough time has passed to perform the Maghrib and Isha prayers until before sunrise. The time for imsak is until just before sunrise, even by a moment, whether the sun is absent for one hour or ten hours. If sunrise and sunset cannot be distinguished, then there is either continuous night or continuous day for 24 hours. In either case, the time is divided into 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night. As for determining the boundaries of each 12-hour period: during continuous daylight, the person can determine midday from the highest point reached by the sun's disk during that day; that point is midday, meaning the midpoint of the 12 hours. During continuous night, when there is no sunrise, the time of greatest illumination is taken as midday, meaning the midpoint of the 12 hours. This midday is the time of zawal, when Dhuhr and Asr are performed. The time for Fajr extends from one and a half hours before the assumed sunrise until that sunrise. Maghrib is performed at the assumed sunset. Fasting is based on the times of dawn and sunset, or the times of the Fajr and Maghrib prayers.